La lèpre, vieille comme le monde, est une maladie infectieuse encore d’actualité. Le 29 janvier dernier, était célébrée la journée Mondiale de la lèpre. Selon l’organisation mondiale de la santé (OMS), la lèpre prolifère dans plus de 120 pays dans le monde. Avec environ 200 000 nouveaux cas par an. Quant au Niger, le ministère de la santé a estimé à 300 les nouveaux cas de lèpre sur l’entendu de son territoire en 2021. Dans l’optique mondiale de relever le défi d’éradication de la lèpre d’ici 2030, le Niger a mis les bouchées doubles.
Les symptômes
La lèpre, une maladie contagieuse et chronique, continue de toucher de nombreux habitants du Niger. Bien que considérée comme éradiquée dans de nombreux pays, la lèpre reste un problème de santé publique important dans plusieurs régions du monde, notamment au Niger.
Les symptômes de la lèpre comprennent des lésions cutanées, des douleurs nerveuses et une perte de sensation dans les membres affectés. La maladie peut également entraîner des déformités permanentes et une invalidité si elle n’est pas traitée à temps. Alors que l’incubation prend de quelques semaines à 30 ans. D’où la difficulté de se prononcer sur un délai précis d’éradication de la maladie. La période de guérison va de 6 à 12 mois. Et il est important de souligner qu’au Niger, le traitement de la lèpre est gratuit dans les centres de santé.
Le dépistage et la prévention
Pour 2021, 300 nouveaux cas ont été enregistrés au Niger. En légère hausse par rapport à 2019 et 2020. La région de Zinder reste la plus touchée du pays. Arrivent après, celles de Tillabéry et Tahoua, avec des cas sporadiques. À la vue de ces chiffres et de la situation sanitaire du pays, la meilleure stratégie pour éradiquer la lèpre réside dans le dépistage des cas contacts. C’est à dire le dépistage précoce et actif. Et en un outillage et formation des professionnels de la santé, pour qu’ils puissent mener des actions efficaces sur le terrain. Car il y a un sous-dépistage de la lèpre dans le pays. Sur les 1200 centres de santés intégrés que compte le Niger, seulement un tiers rapporte des cas de lèpre, par manque de moyens et de formation.
La stigmatisation
Malheureusement, la stigmatisation associée à la lèpre exclue de la société les personnes qui en sont atteintes. Cette stigmatisation contraint certaines à la mendicité. Comme c’est une maladie qui peut laisser des séquelles, même guéries les personnes ont souvent du mal à trouver du travail et à subvenir à leurs besoins, ce qui peut entraîner une pauvreté accrue. Et accentuer l’exclusion.
La lutte
Heureusement, le Niger dispose d’un Programme de lutte contre la lèpre. Avec des centres de traitement et de prévention. Cependant, il est important de poursuivre les efforts pour sensibiliser la population aux dangers de la lèpre, ainsi que pour améliorer l’accès aux soins de santé pour les personnes touchées par la maladie. Parmi les associations actives au Niger, il y a la fondation Raoul Follereau. Qui mène des sensibilisations notamment à Niamey.
En conclusion, la lèpre reste un problème de santé publique important au Niger, mais des efforts sont en cours pour aider les personnes touchées par la maladie. Il est important de poursuivre les efforts en élargissant la sensibilisation à toute la population, urbaine comme rurale. En formant et augmentant les moyens aux agents de santé qui œuvrent sur le terrain. D’ailleurs l’OMS encourage cette formation des agents de santé en mettant en ligne (sur sa plateforme OpenWHO) des modules de formation concernant le diagnostic et le traitement de la lèpre.
Talatah ABDOU BAHAR pour Niameyinfo.
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