L’Évaluation des politiques et des institutions en Afrique (CPIA) est un outil de diagnostic annuel destiné aux pays d’Afrique subsaharienne qui peuvent bénéficier des financements de l’Association internationale de développement (IDA).
Établi sur une période allant de janvier à décembre, ce rapport jauge la qualité des structures politiques et institutionnelles nationales, et leur capacité à soutenir une croissance durable et à réduire la pauvreté. Les pays sont notés sur une échelle de 1 (note la plus faible) à 6 (note la plus élevée) pour 16 indicateurs regroupés dans quatre catégories : gestion économique ; politiques structurelles ; politiques d’inclusion sociale et d’équité ; gestion et institutions du secteur public.
L’objectif est de renseigner les pouvoirs publics sur l’impact des efforts déployés pour soutenir la croissance et lutter contre la pauvreté. Les notes obtenues servent aussi à déterminer le volume des prêts concessionnels et des dons que la Banque mondiale accorde aux pays à faible revenu d’Afrique subsaharienne. Le rapport 2019 porte sur 39 pays, soit un pays de plus par rapport à 2018, la Somalie ayant été admise pour la première fois depuis 30 ans à recevoir l’aide de l’IDA.
Il fournit en outre un état des lieux des politiques et institutions nationales au commencement de la pandémie de COVID-19, en mettant en évidence la nécessité, pour les pays IDA de la région, à agir pour renforcer leurs systèmes de santé, protéger leur capital humain, améliorer la gouvernance du secteur public et mettre en œuvre des réformes structurelles visant à stimuler la productivité.
Voici les cinq principaux points marquants du rapport CPIA 2019 :
Le Rwanda demeure en tête du classement, tandis que la note moyenne de la région reste inchangée depuis trois ans
En 2019, la note moyenne obtenue par l’ensemble des 39 pays IDA en Afrique subsaharienne ressort à 3,1, soit un score sensiblement identique depuis 2016. Avec une note de 4 sur 6 pour la troisième année consécutive, le Rwanda demeure en tête du classement régional. Des résultats qui viennent souligner la nécessité de mettre en œuvre un processus soutenu de réformes économiques et institutionnelles. La suite du classement reste globalement identique, avec une note de 3,8 pour Cabo Verde, suivi du Kenya, du Sénégal et de l’Ouganda, qui obtiennent tous les trois la note de 3,7. Le Bénin et le Ghana ont vu tous deux leur score général progresser de 3,5 à 3,6. Il faut souligner que les pays en tête du classement CPIA sont aussi ceux qui possèdent les économies les plus dynamiques de la région. Le Niger pour sa part se positionne au 13ème rang avec une moyenne de 3,4 supérieure à la moyenne régionale. Le pays dirige par Mahamadou Issoufou se retrouve à égalité avec le Mali et fait mieux que des pays comme le Cameroun ou encore le Nigeria qui obtiennent respectivement des moyennes de 3,3 et 3,2.
Sur les 15 pays ayant obtenu des notes inférieures à la moyenne régionale, la plupart sont des États fragiles.
T.W. avec la Banque Mondiale.
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