Au total, dix-huit économies africaines ont progressé dans l’indice mondial de l’innovation. L’Île Maurice, qui gagne 7 rangs par rapport à 2021, demeure le champion régional dans ce domaine.
L’Île Maurice est le pays le plus innovant en Afrique, selon l’édition 2022 du Global Innovation Index (GII) publié le 29 septembre par l’Organisation mondiale de la propriété intellectuelle (OMPI), en collaboration avec l’université Cornell (États-Unis) et l’Institut européen d’Administration des affaires (INSEAD).
Avec un score de 34,4 points, cet Etat insulaire de l’océan indien est arrivé à la 45è position à l’échelle mondiale dans cet indice 132 pays classés en fonction de leur degré d’innovation en se basant sur 80 indicateurs qui couvrent notamment l’environnement politique, l’éducation, les infrastructures, le perfectionnement des entreprises, les dépenses de recherche & développement, le capital humain et les produits de la créativité.
L’Afrique du Sud (61è rang mondial) occupe la deuxième marche du podium à l’échelle continentale, devant le Maroc (67è rang mondial), la Tunisie (73è), le Botswana (86è), le
Kenya (88è), l’Egypte (89è), le Ghana (95è), la Namibie (96è).
Le Sénégal (99èn rang mondial) ferme le Top 10 africain. (Voir le classement complet ci-dessous).
Intitulé « Quel est l’avenir de la croissance tirée par l’innovation ?», le rapport de l’OMPI précise que 18 pays africains ont progressé dans le classement de mondial par rapport 2021. Les plus importantes progressions ont été enregistrées par le Botswana (+20 rangs), le Ghana (+17 rangs), le Maroc (+10 rangs), l’Ethiopie (+9), l’Île Maurice (+7) le Sénégal (+6), le Zimbabwe (+6) et l’Angola (+5 rangs).
A l’échelle mondiale, la Suisse est première pour la douzième année consécutive, devant les Etats-Unis et la Suède. Viennent ensuite le Royaume-Uni, les Pays-Bas, la Corée du Sud, Singapour, l’Allemagne, la Finlande et le Danemark.
La Chine occupe le 11è rang mondial cette année. L’empire du Milieu, qui occupait la 34e place il y a dix ans, est maintenant sur le point d’entrer dans le Top 10.
Plus globalement, les investissements dans l’innovation dans le monde ont continué d’augmenter l’année dernière. Les entreprises qui investissent le plus dans la recherche & développement ont augmenté leurs dépenses dans ce domaine de près de 10% pour atteindre plus de 900 milliards de dollars en 2021, un montant supérieur à celui enregistré en 2019 avant la pandémie de Covid-19. De leur côté, les opérations de capital-risque ont explosé en 2021 (+46%), enregistrant des niveaux comparables à ceux du boom de l’Internet à la fin des années 1990.
« Une véritable révolution anime l’innovation aujourd’hui, guidée par les vagues de l’ère numérique et de la Deep Science », a conclu Bruno Lanvin, coauteur de l’édition 2022 de l’indice mondial de l’innovation.
Classement 2022 des 31 pays africains étudiés en fonction de leur degré d’innovation :
1-Ile Maurice (45è rang mondial)
2-Afrique du Sud (61è)
3-Maroc (67è)
4-Tunisie (73è)
5-Botswana (86è)
6-Kenya (88è)
7-Egypte (89è)
8-Ghana (95è)
9-Namibie (96è)
10-Sénégal (99è)
11-Tanzanie (103è)
12-Rwanda (105è)
13-Madagascar (106è)
14-Zimbabawe (107è)
15-Côte d’Ivoire (109è)
16-Nigeria (114è)
17-Algérie (115è)
18-Ethiopie (117è)
19-Zambie (118è)
20-Ouganda (119è)
21-Burkina Faso (120è)
22-Cameroun (121è)
23-Togo (122è)
24-Mozambique (123è)
25-Bénin (124è)
26-Niger (125è)
27-Mali (126è)
28-Angola (127è)
29-Mauritanie (129è)
30-Burundi (130è)
31-Guinée (132è).
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