La montée en puissance de la Chine dans le domaine de construction des infrastructures sur le continent s’est accélérée depuis le lancement de « l’initiative nouvelles routes de la soie » à l’automne 2013.
Les entreprises chinoises ont remporté 31 % des contrats de construction des infrastructures d’un montant supérieur ou égal à 50 millions de dollars en Afrique durant l’année écoulée, contre 12 % seulement pour leurs rivales occidentales, selon un rapport publié le 8 août dernier par Hinrich Foundation, une fondation philanthropique basée à Singapour qui œuvre pour la promotion du commerce mondial durable.
Intitulé « The drums echoing: Africa’s rising clout in global trade and geopolitics » (L’écho des tambours : la montée en puissance de l’Afrique dans le commerce mondial et la géopolitique), le rapport précise que la montée en puissance de la Chine dans le domaine de construction des infrastructures sur le continent s’est accrue depuis le lancement de « l’initiative nouvelles routes de la soie (Belt and Road Initiative/BRI) » à l’automne 2013.
En 1990, les entreprises occidentales remportaient 85 % des contrats de construction d’infrastructures en Afrique. En 2013, les entreprises chinoises n’avaient remporté que 12 % de ces contrats, contre 37 % pour les compagnies occidentales.
Le rapport révèle d’autre part que la valeur des projets d’infrastructures construits par la Chine en Afrique au cours des deux dernières années a atteint 155 milliards de dollars. A titre de comparaison, les investissements directs étrangers des Etats-Unis sur le continent se sont limités à 44,8 milliards de dollars en 2021.
Citant une récente étude réalisée par le cabinet de conseil McKinsey, Hinrich Foundation a par ailleurs indiqué que plus de 10 000 entreprises chinoises opèrent aujourd’hui en Afrique. Les revenus cumulés de ces entreprises, qui ont investi 300 milliards de dollars sur le continent, devraient atteindre 440 milliards de dollars en 2025.
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