Paradoxalement, alors qu’elles annoncent un retrait progressif de leurs troupes sur le continent et notamment dans le Sahel, les autorités américaines y mènent une percée diplomatique. En témoigne, la visite du sous-secrétaire d’Etat américain aux affaires politiques, David Hale, en Mauritanie le mercredi dernier. Le secrétaire d’Etat américain, Mike Pompéo, va quant à lui entamer une mini-tournée africaine le samedi 15 février 2020. Ce sera sa première visite en Afrique subsaharienne depuis sa nomination il y a deux ans. Trois pays devraient être visités par le chef du département américain des Affaires étrangères. Il s’agit du Sénégal, de l’Angola et de l’Ethiopie.
La situation sécuritaire au Sahel, et les accords militaires entre les Etats Unis et l’Afrique, était au menu de la rencontre entre le responsable américain et le président mauritanien Mohamed Ould Cheikh Ghazouani lors de la visite du sous-secrétaire d’Etat américain qui a exprimé les inquiétudes de son pays quant à la situation sécuritaire au Sahel.
« Je me suis rendu à Dakar, Bamako et Ouagadougou pour exprimer notre inquiétude face à l’instabilité croissante au Sahel et pour réaffirmer l’engagement de l’Amérique envers nos partenaires dans cette région vitale », a souligné David Hale
« Le président et moi avons également discuté d’un potentiel important développement des liens économiques entre nos deux pays, nous sommes prêts à travailler avec le gouvernement mauritanien et les opérateurs économiques pour élargir notre présence commerciale », a-t-il ajouté.
Par ailleurs, le responsable américain a affirmé que la coopération entre les deux pays en matière de sécurité et de défense était un pilier de leurs relations. « Ce partenariat sera pleinement exposé lors de l’exercice militaire Flintlock la semaine prochaine », a-t-il relevé.
Selon lui, des exercices comme Flintlock renforcent la capacité des Etats-Unis à opérer avec ses alliés du Sahel et à améliorer leur résilience face à la menace croissante de l’extrémisme.
« La région du Sahel est confrontée à des défis importants pour sa sécurité, sa stabilité, sa démocratie et son développement économique. Ces problèmes nécessitent des solutions africaines. Nous comptons sur la Mauritanie pour jouer un rôle moteur dans l’élaboration de ces solutions », a-t-il conclu.
Quant à la visite du secrétaire d’Etat Mike Pompeo, elle s’inscrit sous le signe du renforcement des relations économiques des Etats-Unis sur un continent marqué par une forte présence de la Chine qui entretient des relations économiques et commerciales tendues depuis quelques années, avec les Etats-Unis. Washington avait d’ailleurs accusé Pékin d’enfermer les pays africains dans un « piège de la dette » en raison des nombreux financements accordés au continent par l’Empire du Milieu, ces dernières années.
Cette tournée intervient alors que les relations américano-africaines ont, ces dernières années, été fragilisées par l’arrivée au pouvoir du président Donald Trump. Il a annoncé, il y a quelques semaines, des mesures de restriction de visa envers certains pays africains, dont le Nigeria et le Soudan. Ce, alors qu’un retrait des forces américaines du continent aux prises avec les groupes armés terroristes, fait encore l’objet d’intenses discussions.
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