C’est un fait, le phénomène de la migration irrégulière fait perdre beaucoup de jeunes africains. Même si le gouvernement semble déborder pour relever le défi de l’emploi pour tous, des alternatives se multiplient. C’est le cas au Niger du projet IDEE (Initiative pour le développement de l’entreprise au Niger) lancé en 2018 d’un coût de plus de 2 milliards de FCFA. Objectif, favoriser le développement économique local et sensibiliser sur les dangers de la migration irrégulière à Niamey, Zinder et Tahoua. Nous avons rencontré pour cela le Coordinateur du projet IDEE, Olivier Ouedraogo.
Bonjour Olivier Ouedraogo, c’est quoi le projet IDEE ?
Olivier Ouedraogo : Le projet IDEE initié par l’OIM (Organisation pour les migrations) et mise en œuvre par le ministère de l’Entrepreneuriat des jeunes et le CIPMEN (Centre incubateur des PME au Niger) est un projet qui vise à soutenir l’entrepreneuriat Nigérien et contribuer ainsi au développement socio-économique du Niger.
D’accord, quels sont les axes d’intervention et la cible du projet ?
OO : Le projet vise à offrir des opportunités d’emploi aux jeunes d’au plus 30 ans. Comme vous le savez, les jeunes de moins de 30 ans sont souvent les cibles des flux migratoires dus parfois au manque d’opportunités, donc ce projet compte leur offrir cette occasion de développer leurs projets.
Les groupes vulnérables comme les femmes et les personnes en situation d’handicap font aussi partie des cibles du projet.
Donc, nous leur offrons les moyens de créer eux mêmes leurs opportunités à travers l’entrepreneuriat. Autrement dit, nous essayons de favoriser tout le contexte entrepreneurial pour leur permettre de se déployer dans le secteur privé.
Le projet est lancé en 2018, nous sommes en 2020, qu’avez-vous fait en deux ans ?
OO : A quelques mois de la fin de cette phase du projet (24 Avril 2020), le projet a aidé des entrepreneurs très jeunes mais qui ont déjà leur entreprise à passer à une autre étape. Parmi ces entreprises, une trentaine est déjà en phase d’accélération.
Nous avons aussi sélectionné d’autres jeunes qui sont eux, à l’étape d’idée l’année passée et nous pouvons vous assurer que tous ces porteurs de projet ont aujourd’hui une entreprise au Niger. Nous pouvons affirmer notre satisfaction au vu des efforts réalisés en deux ans.
Une fois les sélections des idées faites, comment se fait l’accompagnement aux jeunes ?
OO : Une fois que le porteur de projet est sélectionné, il est incubé gratuitement par le CIPMEN (les autres porteurs de projets incubés dans le système classique paient leur incubation). Donc, tout ce qui est accompagnement, appui conseil et accès aux micro-crédits deviennent tes droits.
Le CIPMEN est chargé de l’accompagnement des jeunes sélectionnés et apporte son expertise du côté appui-conseil.
Pour les micro-crédits, les sélectionnés ont accès aux crédits si le besoin est bien évalué et c’est sans garantie ni taux d’intérêt. Par contre, les crédits pour l’achat d’équipement sont remboursés à 50%.
Concernant le volet technique, tout ce qui est formation ad hoc pour le développement du projet, l’ONG italienne Terre Solidari apporte son soutien pour aider ces jeunes à avoir des compétences techniques gratuitement. Et tout ce processus se réalise sous la coupole du ministère de l’entrepreneuriat des jeunes et l’OIM.
Cette phase du projet tire à sa fin et il y a toujours de potentiels migrants ou même d’autres jeunes ayant déjà tenté la migration irrégulière sans succès. Ce projet sera-t-il prolongé ?
OO : Le projet sera pérennisé parce qu’il s’inscrit dans la volonté des politiques gouvernementales pour résorber le chômage, réduire le flux migratoire à travers la création des entreprises innovantes. C’est pour cela que le projet a pensé au remboursement de micro-crédits et d’en faire un fonds qui sera alloué à d’autres jeunes mais dans de conditions différentes.
Ce fonds sera alloué avec un taux d’intérêt très minime (en bas de 7,5%) et quelques garanties pour permettre à d’autres jeunes d’avoir accès à ces opportunités de financement et développer leurs entreprises. C’est dire qu’à la fin de cette phase, les opportunités ne manqueront pas pour les jeunes.
Interview réalisée par Guevanis DOH, Journaliste – Consultant sur les questions migratoires
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