Les rapports entre Bamako et Paris ne cessent de se dégrader ces derniers mois, en particulier depuis l’arrivée au Mali de paramilitaires du groupe russe Wagner.
Dans un contexte de relations très tendues entre la France et le Mali, le ministre des affaires étrangères français, Jean-Yves Le Drian, est convoqué par la justice malienne dans le cadre d’une enquête portant sur une « atteinte aux biens publics et autres infractions », a fait savoir mercredi 11 mai un tribunal de Bamako.
Un juge d’instruction du pôle économique et financier de Bamako « invite Monsieur Jean-Yves Le Drian à se présenter à son cabinet le lundi 20 juin 2022 pour affaire le concernant », précise la convocation, qui a été authentifiée à l’Agence France-Presse (AFP) par la justice malienne. Dans la soirée, le Quai d’Orsay a rapporté n’en avoir pas été informé. « Aucune notification ni information d’aucune sorte ne nous est parvenue par les canaux appropriés », a-t-il assuré.
Une source judiciaire malienne a précisé que cette enquête faisait suite à la plainte d’une plate-forme de plusieurs associations de la société civile malienne, dénommée « Maliko » (« la cause du Mali »). « C’est une histoire d’attribution d’un marché de fabrication de passeports maliens à une société française [à laquelle] le fils de Le Drian serait lié », a ajouté cette source judiciaire.
Selon un document officiel consulté par l’AFP, l’affaire date de 2015, lorsque Ibrahim Boubacar Keïta était président du Mali. A cette époque, une société française – Oberthur Technologies – a obtenu pour une dizaine d’années le marché de fabrication des passeports biométriques maliens.
« Aucun fondement juridique »
« Le Drian était à l’époque ministre de la défense. A-t-il appuyé le dossier pour défendre une entreprise française ou ses intérêts ? Voilà en gros ce que la justice malienne cherche à comprendre. Là, nous sommes au stade des enquêtes », a déclaré une autre source judiciaire malienne.
De son côté, l’association Maliko (proche de la junte actuellement au pouvoir au Mali), qui a porté plainte et s’est constituée partie civile, a mis un document à la disposition de l’AFP. « Les procédures et règles instituées par la législation malienne, en particulier le décret n° 2015-06040 du 25 septembre portant code des marchés publics ont été allègrement violées à l’occasion de l’attribution du marché susmentionné », affirme le document qui accompagne la plainte.
Une source diplomatique à Bamako a rapporté mercredi « qu’à ce jour aucune plainte n’est parvenue à l’ambassade de France à Bamako ». Commentant le dossier, une magistrate malienne a de son côté estimé que « cette convocation » du ministre français en l’état n’a « aucun fondement juridique ».
Dégradation des rapports entre Paris et Bamako
Le Mali est le théâtre depuis 2012 d’opérations de groupes djihadistes liés à Al-Qaida et à l’organisation Etat islamique, ainsi qu’à des violences de toutes sortes perpétrées par des milices autoproclamées d’autodéfense et des bandits.
Ces violences, parties du Nord en 2012, se sont propagées au Centre, puis au Burkina Faso et au Niger voisins. Elles ont fait des milliers de morts civils et militaires ainsi que des centaines de milliers de déplacés, malgré le déploiement de forces onusiennes, françaises et africaines.
Les rapports entre Bamako et Paris ne cessent de se dégrader ces derniers mois, en particulier depuis l’arrivée au Mali de paramilitaires du groupe russe Wagner. Les autorités maliennes – dominées par les militaires arrivés au pouvoir par la force en août 2020 – ont annoncé début mai mettre fin au traité de coopération signé en 2014 avec la France, ainsi qu’aux accords de 2013 et 2020 fixant le cadre juridique de la présence des militaires de l’opération « Barkhane » et du regroupement de forces spéciales européennes Takuba, initié par la France.
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