Afrique : une année 2023 chargée en élections et enjeux politiques

L’année 2023 s’annonce avec une panoplie d’élections générales dont les premières et les plus attendues auront lieu au Nigeria dès le mois de février.

Si le parti au pouvoir, le All Progressives Congress, et le principal parti d’opposition, le People’s Democratic Party, sont des prétendants sérieux, cette élection peut réserver des surprises. Des candidats indépendants comme Peter Obi pourraient jouer les trouble-fête, car ils bénéficient du soutien de la vaste majorité des jeunes électeurs. Comme le veut la constitution, Muhammadu Buhari ne se présentera pas après deux mandats et pense passer le flambeau à Bola Ahmed Tinubu, 70 ans, le 25 février prochain.

Toujours en Afrique de l’ouest, en Sierra Leone, le président Julius Maada Bio est candidat à sa propre succession. Le scrutin présidentiel doit se tenir le 24 juin, en même temps que le second tour des élections des membres ordinaires du Parlement, ainsi que les représentants des conseils locaux. En novembre, une rixe avait éclaté au Parlement sur une modification du système électoral pour les élections législatives et municipales. Les députés de l’opposition accusent le parti au pouvoir de tordre le cou à la constitution en imposant un vote à la proportionnelle. Un changement qui ne s’appliquera pas à la présidentielle.

Au Liberia, face aux craintes persistantes sur la capacité du pays a organisé les élections d’octobre 2023, la commission électorale tente de rassurer. Des moyens auraient été alloués par le ministère des Finances pour entamer l’enregistrement des électeurs dès mars prochain. Quant aux partis en lice, la coalition au pouvoir a décidé de reconduire le duo sortant le président George Weah, et sa vice-présidente Jewel Howard Taylor. Dans le même temps, une coalition de l’opposition, le Collaborating Political Parties (CPP) avec à sa tête Alexander Cummings organise régulièrement des manifestations contre le pouvoir.

Nelson Chamisa et son rêve présidentiel

Au Zimbabwe, Emmerson Mnangagwa, a appelé en novembre dernier dans le parlement flambant neuf offert par la Chine à des élections apaisées libres et démocratiques. La commission électorale n’a pas communiqué la date précise de ces échéances, mais a révélé, qu’elles se tiendraient entre juillet et août 2023. Le Zanu-Pf aura comme adversaire principal la Coalition des citoyens pour le changement (CCC) menée par Nelson Chamisa. Lors de l’élection présidentielle de 2018, le président Emmerson Mnangagwa avait été élu avec 50,8 % des voix contre 44.3 % pour Chamisa qui se présentait sur le ticket de l’alliance du Mouvement pour le changement démocratique (MDC).

Ali Bongo candidat en 2023 !

Au Gabon, Ali Bongo Ondimba, sera-t-il candidat aux élections générales prévues en août 2023, si le principal concerné ne s’est pas encore déclaré, les membres de son parti, le PDG – le Parti démocratique gabonais, lors de son récent congrès extraordinaire a plébiscité la candidature de Bongo fils. L’opposition diminuée par plusieurs années de règne de la famille Bongo, tente de s’organiser. La présidente de l’Union nationale, Paulette Missambo, a lancé fin novembre un appel à l’unité de l’opposition.

En RDC, la course à la présidentielle est engagée et sera âprement disputée en décembre 2023, le président Félix Tshisekedi ne cache pas son intention de briguer un autre mandat après celui très controversé de 2019. Du côté des opposants, la liste s’est allongée, en plus de Martin Fayulu, qui continue de revendiquer la victoire au scrutin de 2018 est venue s’ajouter Moïse Katumbi l’ancien gouverneur du Katanga dont le parti Ensemble Ensemble pour la République, appartenait pourtant à l’Union sacrée, la coalition qui soutient le président Tshisekedi.

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