L’assaut ayant visé le Capitole suscite des comparaisons avec des dérives antidémocratiques en Afrique. Des experts préviennent pourtant que le contexte n’est pas le même. A chaque fois que des élus s’empoignent en Afrique, on reproche au continent africain de tâtonner encore sur le plan démocratique.
Ces difficultés pourraient-elles trouver une légitimité quelconque au vu des événements de ce mercredi (06.01.2021) à Washington durant lesquels, des supporters du président Donald Trump ont mené un assaut contre le Congrès américain ?
Des violences sans précédent aux Etats-Unis
Des manifestants qui forcent les entrées au Capitole, des élus assiégés par des hommes dont certains sont armés et la police obligée de faire usage de la force pour les disperser. Ce sont ces images qui ont fait le tour du monde et en ont choqué plus d’un en Afrique où ces scènes ne sont pourtant (malheureusement) pas rares.
Le même jour au Ghana, la police est en effet intervenue pour ramener le calme alors que les députés s’affrontaient lors de l’élection du bureau de l’Assemblée nationale.
En République démocratique du Congo, les locaux du parlement ont connu des scènes de brutalité en décembre entre camps politiques rivaux.
Comparaison n’est pas raison
Malgré tout, le contexte n’est pas le même, prévient le professeur d’université et homme politique congolais Jacques Djoli. Selon lui, il ne faut pas comparer ces incidents du Capitole avec certains troubles enregistrés en Afrique.
Le professeur Djoli cite l’expérience de laRépublique démocratique du Congo qu’il considère comme une jeune démocratie. « Nous sommes dans des Etats post autoritaires mais en voie de démocratisation. Point n’est besoin de revenir sur la personnalité très particulière de monsieur Trump qui est au centre de ces dérives. Mais ces dérives ne doivent pas justifier les résistances de certains en Afrique autour de la démocratie. Au contraire ! Cela doit nous pousser à travailler davantage cette conversion démocratique, travailler davantage la conviction des acteurs que la démocratie constitue le régime à la fois le plus difficile à mettre en place mais le plus propice au développement de l’homme, de sa liberté et de sa dignité », explique Jacques Djoli.
Ce qui s’est passé aux Etats-Unis montre qu’il n’y a pas de grandes démocraties et de petites démocraties, estime pour sa part la sénatrice congolaise Bernadette Nkoy Mafuta.
« Cet état de choses pourrait avoir également un impact très négatif sur l’influence des Etats-Unis sur l’avancement de la démocratie en Afrique », soutient Joseph Bikanda, coordonnateur du Réseau panafricain des défenseurs des droits de l’homme, basé en Ouganda. « Vous savez, environ quinze pays africains iront aux élections cette année. Il est temps de trouver un moyen de freiner les velléités de tous ces hommes politiques qui veulent se maintenir au pouvoir en violant les constitutions », justifie ce défenseur des droits de l’homme qui redoute un exemple négatif pour l’Afrique.
Les Etats-Unis, un modèle démocratique ?
Le déploiement de la Garde nationale et l’arrivée de renforts policiers ont ramené le calme à Washington. Le Congrès a ainsi pu certifier la victoire électorale du démocrate Joe Biden.
Cela permet à Nyaigoti Chacha, politologue kényan, de rappeler que les Etats-Unis demeurent « un modèle démocratique. Car malgré les émeutes de ce mercredi, on a vu que le Congrès a pu certifier la victoire du président élu Joe Biden qui sera par conséquent investi le 20 janvier en dépit des tentatives du président Trump de piétiner la démocratie américaine ».
Le défenseur des droits de l’homme Joseph Bikanda constate enfin que la communauté internationale demeure plus inquiète en ce qui concerne les dérives démocratiques en Afrique que celles plutôt moins fréquentes en Occident.
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