Les conflits armés ont contraint plus de 661 000 personnes dans le monde à fuir leur domicile entre le 23 mars et le 15 mai, exposant davantage ces populations à la Covid-19, et empêchant par la même occasion, les efforts mondiaux de lutte contre la pandémie. Ce sont, de nouveaux chiffres publiés le 22 mai par le Conseil norvégien pour les réfugiés (NRC) qui montrent que les hostilités armées se sont poursuivies malgré l’appel lancé le 23 mars par le Secrétaire général des Nations Unies, António Guterres, à un cessez-le-feu mondial à la suite de la pandémie de Covid-19.
Sur les 661 000 déplacés internes dans 19 pays en deux mois, le nombre le plus élevé a été de loin en République démocratique du Congo (RDC) où les affrontements entre les groupes armés et l’armée du pays ont contraint plus de 480 000 personnes à fuir leurs foyers.
Selon le rapport, même dans les pays où les parties belligérantes ont exprimé leur soutien à un appel au cessez-le-feu, les combats n’ont pas cessé. Au Yémen, la coalition dirigée par l’Arabie saoudite a annoncé qu’elle mettrait en œuvre un cessez-le-feu unilatéral. Cependant, les frappes aériennes se sont poursuivies et les autres parties ont entrepris des opérations armées entraînant le déplacement de 24 000 personnes depuis le 23 mars.
La région du lac Tchad a également connu une augmentation des déplacements internes, le Tchad et le Niger étant les plus touchés avec plusieurs milliers de personnes fuyant notamment les attaques terroristes récurrentes. L’Afghanistan, la République centrafricaine, la Syrie, la Somalie et le Myanmar ont tous vu plus de 10 000 personnes déplacées au cours de la même période.
Le Conseil de sécurité des Nations Unies n’a pas assuré la direction des cessez-le-feu, des pourparlers de paix ou de la protection des civils pendant la pandémie. Bien qu’il y ait un large accord sur l’appel à un cessez-le-feu mondial, des pays puissants, dont les États-Unis et la Chine, freinent les progrès en intégrant leurs désaccords bilatéraux aux délibérations du Conseil.
Le NRC appelle les membres du Conseil de Sécurité des Nations Unis à lancer un appel clair aux parties belligérantes pour qu’elles mettent fin à la conduite des hostilités et règlent leurs conflits par le biais de pourparlers et permettent une réponse systématique à la pandémie.
« Pendant que des personnes sont déplacées et tuées, de puissants membres du Conseil de sécurité de l’ONU se disputent comme des enfants dans un bac à sable », a déclaré le diplomate norvégien Egeland. Selon lui, « les dirigeants du monde doivent saisir l’occasion et pousser conjointement les parties à cesser leur feu et à s’unir pour protéger toutes les communautés de Covid-19. Ce n’est pas le moment de faire de la politique à la maternelle », déplore-t-il.
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