Plusieurs milliers d’exécutions arbitraires ont étés perpétrées contre les civils de janvier 2013 à avril 2020 au Sahel selon un rapport émanant de consultants et sources onusiennes, américaines et africaines, situant la responsabilité de différents états-majors du G5 Sahel, et de hauts responsables militaires.
Depuis longtemps plusieurs rapports d’ONG nationales et internationales, de défense de droits de l’homme ont fait état d’exactions à l’encontre de populations civiles, au Niger, au Burkina, au Mali, au Tchad et même au Nigeria en pointant de doigt les différentes armées, auteures de « ces crimes contre l’humanité » qui continuent de sévir en toute impunité, malgré les différents rapports. Selon ce rapport explosif et confidentiel, des enquêtes sont en cours dans les capitales ouest africaines, suite à ces graves violations des droits de l’homme dans la région.
Des populations civiles molestées et abattues sommairement
Les exemples foisonnent d’exactions imputées aux forces de sécurité des pays membres du G5 Sahel : au Burkina Faso, le Haut-Commissariat pour les réfugiés (HCR) a condamné les violences perpétrées le 2 mai par des forces de sécurité burkinabè contre des réfugiés maliens du camp de Mentao, situé au sud de la ville de Djibo. Selon les témoignages invoqués à l’appui de cette condamnation, les forces de sécurité sont entrées dans le camp pour y rechercher des individus impliqués dans une attaque meurtrière survenue quelques heures plus tôt et ont alors contraint les hommes et les jeunes garçons à sortir avant de les frapper « à coups de matraque, ceinturon et corde » et de leur ordonner de « quitter le camp dans les 72 heures, sous peine de mort », causant « 32 blessés » ; au Mali, la MINUSMA (Mission multidimensionnelle intégrée des Nations unies pour la Stabilisation au Mali) a pour sa part dénoncé la multiplication des exécutions sommaires et disparitions forcées ou involontaires lors d’opérations militaires et de sécurisation menées par les forces de défense et de sécurité maliennes (FDSM). La Division des droits de l’homme et de la protection de la mission onusienne a ainsi recensé dans une note trimestrielle 101 exécutions extrajudiciaires perpétrées au Mali entre le 1er janvier et le 31 mars 2020, ainsi que « 32 cas de disparitions forcées », « 32 cas de torture ou traitement cruel inhumain ou dégradant », ainsi que « 116 arrestations arbitraires », qu’elle attribue aux FDSM.
Le Niger pas exempt de tout reproche
La Minusma a également accusé les Forces armées nigériennes (FAN) d’être responsables d’une trentaine d’exécutions extrajudiciaires commises sur le territoire malien depuis le début de l’année. La disparition de 102 personnes entre le 27 mars et le 2 avril 2020, autour d’Inates et d’Ayorou, dans la région de Tillabéri, après leur arrestation par les FAN dans le cadre de l’opération Almahaw/Almahou, a particulièrement défrayé la chronique. De nombreux autres cas d’incendies de campements, d’abus, de disparitions ou d’exécutions imputées aux FDS nigériennes ont également été signalés depuis le mois de janvier dans plusieurs départements à savoir Inatès, Banibangou, Torodi, Ayorou etc…
Selon des indiscrétions, le Niger a fait annuler une réunion du Conseil de Sécurité des Nations-Unies qui devrait se tenir le 14 mai et qui avait pour objectif de faire le procès des armées des pays du sahel. Dans une récente sortie médiatique le ministre de la défense nigérienne Pr Issoufou Katambé, a démenti ces allégations qui pour lui, visent à ternir l’image des FAN qui mettent un point d’honneur au respect des droits humains, et de la vie humaine en général. Il a néanmoins assuré qu’une enquête sera diligentée pour tirer cette affaire au claire et laver les FAN de tout soupçon.
Outre les violations des Droits de l’homme, les préoccupations de la communauté internationale dans cette affaire ont également trait à l’implication de plusieurs officiers supérieurs dans des trafics de drogues, occasionnant des règlements de comptes entre les différents commandants de zones sahélo-sahariennes ainsi que des détournements massifs et réguliers de fonds publics de ministères de défense et de l’intérieur, alloués à la sécurité et à la lutte antiterroriste. Des zones d’ombre que mettront sûrement à nu, les investigations des enquêteurs internationaux.
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